GPS同步對時時間服務器
GPS同步對(dui)時時間服務(wu)器建立在時間同步基(ji)礎上的(de)裝置(系統)：如雷電定位系統、同步相量(liang)測(ce)量(liang)裝置(PMU)、線路故障行波(bo)測(ce)距裝置等
GPS同步對時時間服務器優點：
（1）各(ge)(ge)設備(bei)提供商(shang)采用各(ge)(ge)自獨立的時鐘，而(er)各(ge)(ge)時鐘因產(chan)品質量(liang)的差異，在對時精(jing)度(du)上(shang)都有(you)一(yi)定的偏差，從而(er)使全廠(chang)各(ge)(ge)系統不(bu)能在統一(yi)時間基準的基礎上(shang)進行數(shu)據分(fen)析與(yu)比較(jiao)，給事后正確的故障分(fen)析判斷帶來很大(da)隱患。
（2）通過主站對(dui)時(shi)(shi)方(fang)式實現對(dui)時(shi)(shi)，調度中心(xin)主站通過通信(xin)通道下發對(dui)時(shi)(shi)命令同(tong)步系統(tong)內各個電(dian)站的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)鐘(zhong)，這(zhe)種方(fang)式需要專用的(de)(de)通信(xin)通道，由于從調度中心(xin)到達各個變(bian)電(dian)站的(de)(de)距離不一樣，通信(xin)延時(shi)(shi)也不一樣，因此只能保證系統(tong)時(shi)(shi)鐘(zhong)在100毫秒(miao)級誤差的(de)(de)水平。
（3）采用一(yi)臺小(xiao)型北斗接(jie)(jie)收機，提供多個(ge)(ge)RS232端口(kou)，用串口(kou)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)逐一(yi)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)到(dao)各個(ge)(ge)計算(suan)機，實現(xian)時間同(tong)步。但事實上這種同(tong)步方式也(ye)存在缺(que)點，使(shi)用的(de)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)長度不(bu)(bu)(bu)能過長；服(fu)務(wu)器的(de)反應(ying)速度、客戶機的(de)延遲都直接(jie)(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)對時精(jing)度。而且各站往(wang)往(wang)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)需要接(jie)(jie)收時鐘(zhong)同(tong)步信號，接(jie)(jie)口(kou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)，如RS-232/422/485串行口(kou)、脈沖、IRIG-B碼、DCF77格式接(jie)(jie)口(kou)等(deng)；裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)數量也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)等(deng)，造成北斗裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)某些類型接(jie)(jie)口(kou)數量不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠或缺(que)少某種類型的(de)接(jie)(jie)口(kou)，需要增加一(yi)臺甚至(zhi)數臺北斗接(jie)(jie)收機，而這往(wang)往(wang)受到(dao)資(zi)金不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)或沒有(you)安裝(zhuang)位置(zhi)等(deng)限制。
（4）用(yong)北(bei)(bei)斗(dou)(dou)衛(wei)星(xing)時(shi)(shi)鐘同(tong)步系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)對時(shi)(shi)。北(bei)(bei)斗(dou)(dou)（全(quan)球定(ding)位(wei)(wei)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)），建立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)球衛(wei)星(xing)導航定(ding)位(wei)(wei)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，由專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接收器接收衛(wei)星(xing)發射的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)，可以獲得位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)、時(shi)(shi)間和(he)其(qi)它相關信(xin)息(xi)。北(bei)(bei)斗(dou)(dou)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)每秒(miao)(miao)發送(song)一次信(xin)號(hao)，其(qi)時(shi)(shi)間精(jing)度(du)(du)在(zai)1μs以內(nei)，在(zai)任(ren)何時(shi)(shi)刻、在(zai)全(quan)球任(ren)何位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)可靠接收到信(xin)號(hao)，衛(wei)星(xing)不間斷地(di)發送(song)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)星(xing)歷參(can)數和(he)時(shi)(shi)間信(xin)息(xi)，北(bei)(bei)斗(dou)(dou)發送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間信(xin)息(xi)包含年、月、日、時(shi)(shi)、分(fen)、秒(miao)(miao)以及IPPS（標準秒(miao)(miao)）信(xin)號(hao)，因而具有(you)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率精(jing)度(du)(du)（可達(da)l0-12量級）和(he)時(shi)(shi)間精(jing)度(du)(du)。在(zai)綜自變電(dian)站(zhan)中采用(yong)北(bei)(bei)斗(dou)(dou)衛(wei)星(xing)同(tong)步時(shi)(shi)鐘系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)有(you)著明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢，可以實(shi)現全(quan)站(zhan)各系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一北(bei)(bei)斗(dou)(dou)時(shi)(shi)間基(ji)(ji)準下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行監(jian)控(kong)和(he)事故后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)分(fen)析(xi)。變電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)自動化設備（如故障(zhang)(zhang)錄(lu)波器、微機保護(hu)裝置(zhi)、監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)），根據北(bei)(bei)斗(dou)(dou)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)確時(shi)(shi)鐘同(tong)步信(xin)號(hao)，統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一變電(dian)站(zhan)、調度(du)(du)中心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間基(ji)(ji)準，在(zai)電(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)發生(sheng)故障(zhang)(zhang)后(hou)，提(ti)高(gao)了(le)SOE的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間準確性，大大提(ti)高(gao)了(le)電(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)性，為分(fen)析(xi)故障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況及斷路器動作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先后(hou)順序提(ti)供(gong)(gong)有(you)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)證據，為電(dian)網安全(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)監(jian)視和(he)控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)創造了(le)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)條(tiao)件。
GPS同步對時時間服務器簡介：
是一種小型、獨立(li)運(yun)行的(de)基于NTP/SNTP協議的(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)服務(wu)器(qi)，從GPS、北(bei)斗等地(di)球導(dao)航(hang)授受衛(wei)星(xing)獲取(qu)標準時(shi)(shi)鐘信(xin)號(hao)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)，并(bing)通過網絡傳輸(shu)這些信(xin)息(xi)(xi)，使整個(ge)網絡的(de)設備(bei)實現毫秒級的(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)同步(bu)地(di)面區間(jian)(jian)由(you)主控(kong)站(zhan)(zhan)、注入站(zhan)(zhan)和(he)幾(ji)個(ge)監(jian)測站(zhan)(zhan)組成。 主站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)主要(yao)任(ren)務(wu)是收集各監(jian)測站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)觀測數(shu)據，進行數(shu)據處理，生成衛(wei)星(xing)導(dao)航(hang)消息(xi)(xi)和(he)差分(fen)完(wan)好性信(xin)息(xi)(xi)，完(wan)成任(ren)務(wu)規劃和(he)調度，實現系統(tong)的(de)運(yun)行管(guan)理和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)等。 注入站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)主要(yao)任(ren)務(wu)是在(zai)主站(zhan)(zhan)統(tong)一調度下，完(wan)成衛(wei)星(xing)導(dao)航(hang)電文、差分(fen)完(wan)好信(xin)息(xi)(xi)注入和(he)有效(xiao)載荷的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)管(guan)理。 監(jian)測站(zhan)(zhan)接收導(dao)航(hang)衛(wei)星(xing)信(xin)號(hao)，發送到主控(kong)站(zhan)(zhan)，實現衛(wei)星(xing)跟蹤、監(jian)測，為衛(wei)星(xing)軌道的(de)確定和(he)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)同步(bu)提供觀測資料。
